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--- projects:bridgeport [2016/04/09 21:46] – enleth
+++ projects:bridgeport [2020/01/07 00:01] – [Spindle bearings] enleth
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== Opis ======
+====== Description ======
+Bridgeport Series 1 MDI is a vertical knee mill made in the early 80s, capable of fully automated CNC operation, semi-automated MDI (Manual Data Input) work, as well as traditional manual machining using mechanically coupled handwheels - or any combination of the three within a single job. Factory-fitted mechanical handwheels are a very rare feature in CNC milling machines, which makes this this model rather unique and extremely useful for learning and prototyping.
-Bridgeport Series 1 MDI to frezarka pionowa wspornikowa z pierwszej połowy lat 80. o masie około 1.5 tony, sterowana numerycznie ale wyposażona w dosprzęglane na żądanie korby do pracy manualnej. Taka konfiguracja sterowania jest bardzo rzadko spotykana i bardzo przydatna do prac prototypowych.
+The mill is made almost entirely of cast iron, weighs about 1500kg and provides a 457x305x127mm (X/Y/Z) working area, adjustable along the Z axis within further 365mm by moving the knee. Major cast parts are shared with the Bridgeport Series 1 CNC mill, which is equipped with a much more advanced control, but lacks handwheels for manual operation. Other mills sharing all or most major parts include Bridgeport BOSS, Bridgeport EZ Trak and early Bridgeport Interact models.
-Wymiary maszyny i zakres ruchu osi:
+The spindle is driven by a 1.5kW 3-phase induction motor controlled with an INVT GD10-R2G2-4-B 2.2kW VFD and a Reeves-style continuously variable transmission system. Tools use a QuickChange 30 mount, which is a modified DIN 2080/NMTB 30 taper. The milling head/spindle assembly as a whole is a CNC-specific variant of the Bridgeport 2J2 milling head, mounted on a rigid ram, with a permanently coupled ball screw quill in place of the lever-operated classic Bridgeport quill.
-https://www.apexauctions.co.uk/static/resources/Auctioneer_1/Auction_1123/lot_id_117203/LotImage_271472.jpg
-Wrzeciono ma silnik o mocy 1,5kW, regulacja prędkości odbywa się za pomocą CVT oraz falownika. Uchwyt narzędziowy przyjmuje oprawki Erickson QuickChange 30, czyli zmodyfikowane DIN 2080/NMTB 30.
+The X (table), Y (saddle) and Z (quill) axes are driven by SEM MT30H4-44 permanent magnet brushed DC servo motors equipped with built-in tachometers and fitted with coaxial Heidenhain ROD 450B 125line/rev sin/cos encoders. The servos drive 5mm/rev ball screws through toothed belts at a 2:1 reduction ratio. Notably, the X and Z ball screws are stationary and the nut, integrated with a belt pulley, is being rotated around them. Additionally, the Z ball screw is a part of the quill, with the spindle encased within it.
-Osie X (stół), Y (siodło) i Z (wrzeciono) są poruszane serwomotorami szczotkowymi ze współosiowymi enkoderami i wyposażone w hamulce szczękowe rozwierane elektromagnetycznie. Sterownik serwomotorów działa w pętli sprzężenia zwrotnego z regulatorem PID. Przeniesienie napędu odbywa się pasem zębatym, posuw osi wykonują śruby kulowe o skoku 5mm. Dokładność pozycjonowania przy dobrej kalibracji przekracza 0.01mm. Jak w każdym Bridgeporcie, "druga" oś Z czyli wspornik jest poruszana manualnie przez operatora.
+The servos are controlled by a single Bosch Z15-1A SCR-based servo drive card operating in velocity regulation mode, with a PID feedback loop monitoring the tachometer output. A single servo drive imposes an obvious limitation: only one axis can be driven at a time, the two others being held in place with solenoid-actuated disc brakes to keep the ball screws from being backdriven. The Bosch board is due to be replaced by a set of modern servo drives.
-Fabryczny sterownik, Heidehain TNC 131, zawiera CPU Intel 8085, pozwala przede wszystkim na manualne wprowadzanie poleceń z panelu (MDI jest od Manual Data Input), ale przyjmuje instrukcje po RS-232. Niestety, potrafi kontrolować tylko jeden serwomotor naraz, więc nie robi łuków i skosów - do tego potrzebna jest modernizacja. Ograniczenie jest sprzętowe, nie programowe, czyli mowa raczej o wymiania dużej części aktualnego sterowania. Mechanicznie maszyna jest identyczna z wersją CNC pracującą na wszystkich trzech osiach naraz.
+The mill is controlled by a Heidenhain TNC 131 control module, based on the Intel 8085 CPU. TNC 131 is intended to be used as a Manual Data Input control, but can accept and output program data over RS-232 as well. It is, unfortunately, limited to straight cuts, being unable to interpolate arcs or even diagonals, which is why the machine isn't fitted with more than one servo drive board.
-Dodatkowe ficzery: automatyczny system centralnego olejowania, zbiornik i pompa chłodziwa oraz stół przystosowany do zbierania nadmiaru chłodziwa, joysticki do szybkiego nastawiania pozycji.
+For manual operation, a handwheel on each axis can be engaged at will. Doing that couples it to the axis drive, cuts servo power and releases the disc brake on the axis. As the brakes are the only means of preventing ball screw backfeed with no servo power, it is not a good idea to engage all handwheels at once. Instead, they should be engaged as needed and disengaged immediately afterwards.
+Additional features include a Bijur Delimon automatic oiling system, coolant reservoir and flood coolant pump.
+====== Technical specifications ======
+===== Spindle bearings ====
-====== Dokumentacja ======
+Main bearings: currently NSK 7207CTRDULP4Y. Previously FAFNIR 207.
+Suitable NSK part numbers match ''^7207C(TR|TYN)D(U|B)(L|M)P4(|Y)$''
-  - [[https://owncloud.hackerspace.pl/index.php/s/YxLzOP8Go3ar6sb|Dokumentacja serwisowa]]
+If replacement is needed, the requirements are:
-  - [[https://hackerspace.pl/~enleth/schematic-marked.pdf|Schemat elektryczny]]
+  * angular contact bearings (7)
-  - {{:projects:bridgeport:tnc131user.pdf|Dokumentacja kontrolera TNC 131}}
+  * 35x72x17mm (207)
+  * 15deg contact angle (C)
+  * any cage material suitable for spindles (TR, TYN, possibly some other options, see NSK designation guides)
+  * matched pair (D)
+  * universal or back-to-back arrangement (U, B)
+  * low or medium preload (L, M)
+  * ABEC7 or ISO P4 rating, those two are equivalent (P4)
+  * "special precision" is fine but not important (Y)
+===== Spindle transmission =====
+  * Minimum center distance - motor shaft to driven shaft: 244.5mm
+  * Maximum pulley dia: 185mm
+  * Motor shaft: 28mm dia, 8mm keyway
+  * Driven shaft: 35mm dia, 8mm keyway
+  * Transmission: SPZ V-belt
+===== Lubrication =====
+  * ISO68 way oil (currently JASOL RC 68)
+  * INTERLUBE to Bijur flow mapping:
+    * IM22 = FJB-000
+    * IM23 = FJB-00
+    * IM24 = FJB-0
+    * IM25 = FJB-1
+  * Oiling system parts list:
+    * Pump: INTERLUBE SYSTEMS LTD, Model SL1534/RM2110, cyclic, 5ml/cycle
+      * Output to column manifold: [5/16-24 bushing, sleeve] tube 65cm
+    * Column manifold: 3-way
+      * Input from pump [M8x1.0 bushing, sleeve]
+      * Output to head manifold: FJB-000, [M8x1.0 nut, sleeve] tube 170cm
+      * Output to knee: [M8x1.0 bushing, sleeve] hose 75cm
+    * Head manifold: 3-way
+      * Input from column manifold [M8x1.0 bushing, sleeve]
+      * Quill bore: meter FJB-00, [M8x1.0 nut, sleeve] brass tube
+      * Output to Z screw manifold: [M8x1.0 bushing, sleeve] tube 35cm
+    * Z screw manifold: 3-way
+      * Input from head manifold [M8x1.0 bushing, sleeve]
+      * Z ballscrew: FJB-0, [M8x1.0 nut, sleeve] brass tube
+      * Spline shaft: FJB-0, [M8x1.0 nut, sleeve] tube 20cm, [5/16-24 bushing, sleeve] angle fitting
+    * Knee manifold right: 4-way
+      * Input from column manifold [M8x1.0 bushing, sleeve] [M8x1.0 elbow]
+      * Knee way: FJB-000, [M8x1.0 nut, sleeve] tube 10cm, [5/16-24 bushing, sleeve] angle fitting
+      * Output to knee screw manifold: [M8x1.0 bushing, sleeve] tube 40cm
+      * [M8x1.0 plug]
+    * Knee screw manifold: 3-way
+      * Input from knee manifold right [M8x1.0 bushing, sleeve]
+      * Jack screw: FJB-000, [M8x1.0 nut, sleeve] brass tube
+      * Output to knee manifold left: [M8x1.0 bushing, sleeve] tube 40cm
+    * Knee manifold left: 4-way
+      * Input from knee screw manifold [M8x1.0 bushing, sleeve]
+      * Knee way: FJB-000, [M8x1.0 nut, sleeve] tube 10cm, [5/16-24 bushing, sleeve] angle fitting
+      * [M8x1.0 plug]
+      * Output to saddle manifold 1: [M8x1.0 elbow] [M8x1.0 bushing, sleeve] hose 75cm, [5/16-24 nut, sleeve] brass tube
+    * Saddle manifold 1: 8-way
+      * Input from knee manifold left [M8x1.0 bushing, sleeve]
+      * Y ball nut: FJB-1, [M8x1.0 nut, sleeve] brass tube
+      * Table rear left: FJB-1, [M8x1.0 nut, sleeve] tube 45cm
+      * Saddle left: FJB-0, [M8x1.0 nut, sleeve] tube 30cm
+      * Table front left: FJB-1, [M8x1.0 nut, sleeve] tube 35cm
+      * Output to saddle manifold 2: [M8x1.0 bushing, sleeve] tube 45cm
+      * Table front right: FJB-1, [M8x1.0 nut, sleeve] tube 25cm
+      * Saddle right: FJB-0, [M8x1.0 nut, sleeve] tube 10cm
+    * Saddle manifold 2: 4-way
+      * Input from saddle manifold 1: [M8x1.0 bushing, sleeve]
+      * X ball nut: FJB-00, [M8x1.0 nut, sleeve] tube 35cm
+      * Table rear right: FJB-1, [M8x1.0 nut, sleeve] tube 25cm
+      * [M8x1.0 plug]
-====== Komunikacja RS232 ======
-Do komunikacji z TNC 131 potrzeby jest sprzętowy RS232 lub przejściówka na USB która obsługuje sprzętową kontrolę przepływu danych, w szczególności linie DTR/DSR. Przejściówki na bazie Prolific PL2303 powinny działać dobrze.
+====== Manuals and Datasheets ======
-Przykład komunikacji za pomocą PySerial:
+  - [[https://owncloud.hackerspace.pl/index.php/s/YxLzOP8Go3ar6sb|Bridgeport Series 1 MDI Service Manual]]
+  - [[https://hackerspace.pl/~enleth/schematic-marked.pdf|Bridgeport Series 1 MDI wiring diagram]]
+  - {{:projects:bridgeport:tnc131user.pdf|Heidenhain TNC 131 User/Operating Manual}}
+  - {{:projects:bridgeport:tnc135install.pdf|Heidenhain TNC 131 Installation Manual}}
+  - {{:projects:bridgeport:tnc131service.pdf|Heidenhain TNC 131 Service Manual}}
+  - {{:projects:bridgeport:goodrive10_operation_manual_v1.3_.pdf|INVT Goodrive 10 VFD manual}}
+====== TODO ======
+  - Buy/trade more QC30 tooling
+  - Buy a spindle with a through hole for a drawbar or have the original spindle drilled through - note that the CNC spindle is longer than a classic Bridgeport spindle, which won't fit
+  - Add a spindle encoder using automatic car transmission Hall effect sensors using [[https://pico-systems.com/bridge_spindle.html|this guide]] as a starting point.
+  - Rebuild or replace the spindle CVT - it's worn out and damaged, makes the whole machine vibrate
+  - Replace the Bosch Z15-1A servo drive with 3 separate Copley Controls 423 drives (already acquired)
+  - Replace/modify the servo drive power section which currently provides 300VAC with a center tap for Bosch Z15-1A. CC 423 requires a single voltage DC supply instead, preferably 140V to match the maximum voltage of SEM MT30H4-44 servos
+  - Replace/supplement the Heidenhain TNC 131 control with Mesa Electronics 7i77/6i25 combo controlled by LinuxCNC. Keeping the TNC 131 as an alternative is prefereable to replacement, as it's still quite convenient for quick one-off jobs.
+  - Repair the oiling system and buy ISO68 way oil
+  - Rebuild the coolant system, add mist nozzle
+====== RS232 link ======
+TNC 131 requires a standards-compliant RS232 link with hardware flow control (lack of DTR/DSR will prevent any communication), use a good USB-to-serialconverter. Prolific PL2303 has been tested and confirmed to work properly.
+PySerial example:
 <code python>
@@ Line 41: / Line 136: @@
 s = serial.Serial('/dev/ttyUSB0', 2400, parity=serial.PARITY_EVEN, rtscts=1, dsrdtr=1, bytesize=serial.SEVENBITS)
-# Send file
+# Send file to TNC
 s.write(open('file','r').read())
-# Read to terminal
+# Read TNC memory
-while l = s.readfile():
+while l = s.readline():
     print(l)
 </code>
-Komunikacja w obie strony wymaga zainicjowania na panelu kontrolera zgodnie z instrukcją obsługi, rozdział E4.
+Transfer needs to be initiated from the TNC, for details see the TNC 131 Operation Manual, chapter E4.